Below is a based on common competition (AKC/UKC) and service dog training.
Dogs read human body language before they process spoken words. dog training hand signals chart
Hand signals keep senior dogs responsive if they develop age-related deafness. Below is a based on common competition (AKC/UKC)
To add a hand signal to a command your dog already knows verbally: Say the verbal cue. Pause for one second. Present the hand signal. Reward immediately when they perform the action. Gradually phase out the verbal cue over two weeks. Essential Dog Training Hand Signals Chart Hand Action Visual Description Best Used For Open palm facing up, moving upward in a small arc. Start at your hip, scoop upward toward your chest. Mealtime manners, greeting guests cleanly. Down Open palm facing down, moving flatly downward. Start at chest level, push downward toward the floor. Settling at restaurants, vet visits. Stay Open palm facing directly forward, fingers up. To add a hand signal to a command
A common mistake beginners make is mixing up the starting position.
Learning two languages (verbal and visual) challenges and sharpens your dog's brain. Core Principles of Visual Training The Contrast Rule