Contour shading alone suggests volume even without an outline. Try drawing a ball using only curved lines that get denser at the bottom edge—it will look round without a single outline stroke.
Stippling uses dots. More dots = darker value. Fewer dots = lighter value. There are no lines—only density. ink shading techniques
Ink shading involves creating the illusion of three-dimensional form and texture using varying densities of ink. The goal is to produce a range of values, from pure black to pure white, with a smooth transition between them. To achieve this, artists use different shading techniques, tools, and ink properties. Contour shading alone suggests volume even without an
Cross-shading involves layering hatching or stippling lines at different angles to create rich, textured shading. from pure black to pure white
