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Modern architecture emerged in the early 20th century as a response to the changing social, cultural, and technological conditions of the time. It rejected traditional architectural styles and sought to create a new, more functional, and more expressive way of building.

The elements of modern architecture include:

For those interested in exploring this topic further, I recommend checking out the following resources:

"The Formal Basis of Modern Architecture" is a classic work of architectural theory that continues to shape our understanding of modern architecture. Its detailed analysis of the formal principles underlying the work of pioneering modern architects has had a lasting impact on architectural discourse. While some of its limitations and biases have been noted, the book remains an essential reference for anyone interested in the history, theory, and practice of architecture.

"The Formal Basis of Modern Architecture" is a seminal work by Colin Rowe, a renowned architectural historian and theorist. First published in 1963, the book is a comprehensive analysis of the formal principles underlying modern architecture. Rowe, who was influenced by the work of Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Walter Gropius, among others, sets out to identify the commonalities and divergences in the design approaches of these pioneers of modern architecture.

"The Formal Basis of Modern Architecture" has had a lasting impact on architectural theory and criticism. Rowe's work helped to establish the foundations for a more nuanced understanding of modern architecture, one that moves beyond the simplistic oppositions between "form" and "function" or "tradition" and "innovation."

The text is famous for its precise hand drawings of works by masters like Le Corbusier , Frank Lloyd Wright , and Alvar Aalto , which Eisenman used to uncover their internal ordering systems.

This book is a must-read for students of architecture, architectural historians, and anyone interested in the theory and criticism of modern architecture. While some background knowledge of architectural history and theory is helpful, the book is accessible to readers without a specialized background.