If you are interested in the history of Yiddish theatre or early vaudeville, Pepi Litman is a name that deserves a spotlight. Her story proves that while you can take the girl out of Kiev, you can never take the Kiev out of the star.

After the death of her husband, troupe leader Jacob Litman , she took command of the company herself, touring throughout Russia, Poland, Germany, Austria, and Romania. Legacy and Later Years

Odesa in Pepi’s youth was a city of displaced identities: runaway serfs, bankrupt nobles, Talmudic scholars who had discovered secularism, and women who had discovered freedom. The Yiddish theater, born just a few years before Pepi in neighboring Iași (Romania), found its rowdy, irreverent home in Odesa. Unlike the pious shtetls of the Pale of Settlement, Odesa allowed a woman to play a man playing a lover. It allowed gender to become a prop.

Litman became famous for her "trouser roles," specifically her satirical portrayals of and rabbis. At a time when women wearing pants was scandalous—and often legally or religiously punishable—she boldly took the stage in full male attire.

Born into a poor Jewish family, Litman’s early life was marked by the limited prospects available to women in 19th-century Eastern Europe. As a teenager, she worked as a maid in a boarding house owned by the family of , who would later become a celebrated Yiddish theater actor. This environment exposed her to the performing arts, and her natural vocal talent eventually caught the attention of the Broder Singers , an itinerant group of performers credited with creating some of the earliest forms of secular Yiddish theater. The "Chansonette in Hasidic Trousers"